What is oral defense mechanism?

A wide range of oral bacteria, but does not occur under normal circumstances oral diseases, because there are oral defense mechanism. Oral defense mechanisms include the role of oral anatomy and physiological barriers, humoral antibody and cell-mediated response, leukocyte and macrophage phagocytosis.

1 Oral Anatomy and physiology barrier: a physical barrier effect of the following aspects:

① Oral mucosa: is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. Under normal physiological conditions, epithelial cells are constantly updated, instead of new keratinized epithelial tissue epithelial tissue, oral bacteria can be replaced by keratinized epithelium and shed into the saliva in the mouth with phlegm discharge. This has played a limited role in the metabolism of bacteria number and type of role.

② Mouth chewing and swallowing is a protection function. Attached to the occlusal surface of the bacteria in the teeth, by chewing the food, along with food and saliva to be swallowed.

③ Teeth protection is through the growth and the formation of dentin and pulp protective role.

④ Defense function of saliva is due to saliva contains lysozyme, while lysozyme has antibacterial properties.

⑤ GCF is inflammatory secretions, has a protective role of the gums. GCF out carrying out oral epithelial shedding, impeding microbial access to the ditch, is Dental Reviews closely related to the prevention of gum disease. GCF also contains urea, and urea can inhibit plaque formation.

2. Humoral antibody and cell-mediated response: antibodies are stimulated by the antigen, the antigen can be bacterial, it can damage the mouth of a substance. Different antigens produce different antibodies, medically known as specific antibodies.

3 Cell-mediated response: the cellular immune response. Cells specific to T cells, T cells in the immune process, play a mediating role in the middle.

4 Leukocyte phagocytosis: a phagocytic cell function mainly refers to white blood cells. Phagocytic cell function related to the number and size. The number of white blood cells in the early morning and lowest at night, increasing during the day. It helps control oral bacteria, and are the main oral defense barrier.

Baby's oral health instructions (I)

Baby's oral health instructions (I)

Baby's oral health issues directly affect the baby, and also on the baby's beautiful little face, and language development. Young mothers who have problems paying attention to the baby's mouth, but sometimes I do not know where to start, there do not know how to solve problems. This article will tell you some of the infants and young children most vulnerable to oral diseases and risks to guide you how to make the baby teeth have a pretty neat and clever articulate!

Self-diagnosis

Tongue tie links between the tongue and lower jaw. Tongue tie is too short, the baby's tongue can not move out into the lips, the tongue was forced to move when the M-shaped extension will affect the breast-feeding and pronunciation. Under the front teeth grow, the baby sucking the tongue tie when the friction with the teeth, tongue system would grind to bring ulcers.

A baby is not sensitive to pain, early surgery does not require anesthesia, is simple, you can breastfeed after surgery.

Second, age is the key to learning spoken language 1-2 years old, the baby should not form the habit of some lisp before surgery. Otherwise, even do the surgery, some sounds are more difficult to correct.

2, deciduous and early late Meng Meng

Infant and early childhood is mainly deciduous teeth, baby teeth at around seven months after the birth of the eruption began, to around 2 years in succession at a time. A deciduous large individual differences in time, the first one teeth (usually the mandibular incisors milk) for 4-5 months earlier, late of 11 months, 17 months late even before long. Within one year after the birth of the first one to grow teeth are normal. If your baby is a year old, no teeth, the teeth are late sprouting.

Birth or during the neonatal period have tooth eruption, which is deciduous early sprouting. Most of these deciduous teeth or no root development is not complete, usually very loose. Meng is the eruption of the deciduous teeth as early as the time ahead, and root development was less than the total root length of 1 / 3.

Chi Meng teeth need to go to hospital because, to see if there are "no dental deformity," or some systemic diseases caused by growth retardation, such as rickets, endocrine system diseases.

Meng's teeth is easy to fall off early, if the baby inhaled the trachea is very dangerous. So whether it is premature eruption of teeth or multiple teeth properly teeth If it is loose, it should be removed as soon as possible, so that serious consequences. Some, though not loose, but the sucking will stimulate the mucosal system with causing ulcers, should go to the hospital when the edge of the teeth grinding mill, or to change the way breast-feeding, switch to spoon feeding. Gentian violet can be rubbed the wound, after a few days can be healing.

3, the number of teeth, congenital missing teeth and too much a priori

All teeth should grow on the lower jaw of 10, a total of 20. If less than 20, it may be congenital missing teeth. May be due to missing teeth tooth did not happen, it could be half-way stop development, determined by X-ray examination. This phenomenon has a genetic.

The number of teeth is much more innate teeth. This is less common in the deciduous teeth in the permanent teeth is very common, mostly in the front teeth. More teeth form the majority of cone, prism, but also similar to normal teeth.

If not many missing teeth, the gap is not, does not affect the relationship between the upper and lower teeth bite, you can leave it. However, if more missing teeth, or the gap is too large, causing the adjacent teeth teeth tilt or relative growth, we need to do a temporary Dental Reviews prosthesis or functional cage to ensure normal development of the jaw and the baby normal pronunciation, dentures must be constantly changing with the baby's development. So the baby grow up, then consider a permanent fix, such as making porcelain tooth, repair effect is very good, almost to the extent of real ones.

More teeth should be early detection and timely treatment. Has grown to have more teeth to be removed promptly. Not long out of many teeth as the teeth do not affect the other, and no pathological changes, you can not handle.

4, enamel dysplasia

Trauma, malnutrition, consumption of harmful chemicals, and some systemic diseases such as chickenpox, measles can lead to enamel hypoplasia. Mainly for the teeth surface ribbon or nest pit-shaped depression, or the tooth surface showed rough chalk stains, and normal tooth shape is not the same.

Enamel dysplasia, prone to dental caries or pulpitis, so pay special attention. Mothers during pregnancy should pay attention to overall nutrition, prevention of calcification of the baby teeth bad. Of the baby teeth have grown to pay attention to early decay.

Recognizing the importance of oral

Dental epidemiological survey found that: a common childhood oral disease is mainly dental caries (tooth decay), and adults the most common oral diseases are periodontal disease, gingivitis and periodontitis mainly. Because children's teeth have not yet completely mineralized, oral bacteria attached to the tooth surface, so that the teeth demineralized, softened, undermining the formation of dental caries. And adults after the age of 25 after re-mineralization of teeth, strengthen teeth on caries resistance, significantly decreased the incidence of dental caries, and tend to be stable, but the rate of adult periodontal disease increased significantly with age .

Specialists through clinical observation that acute myocardial infarction and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with oral health status was significantly worse than the normal population. Periodontitis patients with coronary heart disease made lame 20% higher than the normal population male periodontitis patients .50 years of age or those with no teeth out of the general population incidence of coronary heart disease 70% of severe cases of periodontal disease, fatal coronary heart disease and cardiac arrest rates were 2 times the normal population and 3 times. Periodontitis, gingivitis probability of suffering a stroke three times higher than normal.

One pair of old studies, the plaque index and oral hygiene (brushing, flossing and professional dental cleaning frequency) and cerebral vascular accident has a significant relationship. That those who can not live independently once a year can not clean teeth. The possibility of cerebral vascular accident is 4.76 times the controls.

Bleeding gums is one of the most common periodontal health. Experts said that in recent years, people began to shift attention to the teeth to the gums. According to the Dental Reviews data show that the prevalence of people bleeding gums, bleeding gums from 12 to 65 year-olds there. According to statistics, experience bleeding gums, 66%, of which, known bleeding gums is gingivitis 64%, and that is "lit" is also 56%.

According to the International Medical Association statistics show that: 70% of people worldwide suffer from periodontal disease. Which accounted for 99% of adult patients; in China, up 77.3% incidence of periodontal disease, which accounted for 99.2% of adult patients.

Plaque, especially in patients with periodontitis plaque, may be the dwelling places of respiratory tract pathogens. Epidemiological survey of chronic respiratory diseases, oral hygiene index was significantly higher than those without the disease. Multiple regression analysis age, race, sex, smoking status and oral hygiene index and other factors, the results indicate that persons with poor oral hygiene, the incidence of chronic respiratory disease is good oral hygiene by 1.77 times. Another 25-year longitudinal study of smoking by multiple regression analysis, alveolar bone height, age, education, alcohol consumption and other factors, found that severe periodontal disease to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk.

Periodontal patients suffering from diabetes, the probability of lame is seven times normal. In addition, periodontal disease and diabetes also has a two-way relationship. Scientific evidence that diabetes is a risk factor for periodontal disease, periodontal disease also have an impact on diabetes. Experts believe that the basis of clinical experience: patients already suffering from diabetes, if you do not actively treat these oral diseases, it is difficult to effectively reduce serum glycation end products, diabetes treatment will bring great obstacle; the other hand, diabetes control is also tooth Zhou Yan important prerequisite for improvement.

Life is up to titanium porcelain teeth for life

In all porcelain teeth, titanium dental porcelain is the best kind of cost-effective, relatively not very expensive, also very good, basically there is no harm, nor will there be nickel-chromium-ceramic dental gums black line! Titanium dental porcelain life of up to life it?

Compared to ordinary porcelain teeth, porcelain dental titanium price a little expensive, therefore I want to select consumers in titanium dental porcelain piece will focus Dental Reviews on one issue, that is, life will be long titanium porcelain teeth?

In fact, the life of porcelain tooth material is saying is very relevant. Titanium porcelain teeth in the strict sense, to ensure human compatibility is good, more suitable for human health requirements, so titanium porcelain teeth will greatly exceed the normal life of the life of porcelain teeth. In theory, as long as the correct note with the teeth, titanium dental porcelain is life for life.

Therefore, titanium porcelain teeth in order to achieve both life and aesthetics of the dual effect of titanium porcelain teeth should be selected to do the professional maturity of the technology's Hospital physician, please be relevant for their teeth fixed. However, demands for good material at the same time, the production of titanium porcelain teeth also need professional doctors, if the dental technology, however, prone to crack teeth and gums a long time, black gum is easy to deteriorate, titanium grill porcelain tooth life does not arise.

Toothache of pregnant women, fetuses will be affected?

Before pregnancy has many different levels of dental caries, periodontitis and other dental aspects of disease, the absence of attention, resulting in pregnancy, with changes in body estrogen levels caused by toothache and other symptoms. Many pregnant women have dental pain are contradictory when they both care about their oral health, but also worried about the impact of fetal safety. Governing it, medication may affect fetal growth and development; died, not only their own Dental Reviews tortured, inflammation may also infect the fetus.

    

Studies have confirmed that oral diseases in the toxins produced by bacteria may enter the blood circulatory system, affect the fetus through the placenta normal, healthy development, and even the risk of miscarriage or deformed. Such as periodontitis and preterm birth rate of pregnant women (less than 32 weeks) is 5-7 times the normal pregnant women, the production of perinatal mortality, low birth weight children or 15% higher than the normal 30%. The first three months of pregnancy can easily lead extraction abortion, the last three months of oral trauma surgery is likely to result in premature children, traumatic dental treatment, such as tooth extraction, in the course of treatment will produce pain and other stimuli, and found that These stimuli induce abortion in early pregnancy is easy, late pregnancy are prone to premature birth. Therefore, pregnant women, especially during the first three and last three months of pregnancy, dental treatment should be carefully, the best choice for dental treatment before pregnancy.

    

Therefore, pregnancy and oral aspects of health is essential, experts recommend pregnant women to the fetus from the impact of toothache, pre-pregnancy to do a thorough scaling, early removal of plaque in the oral memory, reducing the adverse stimulus on periodontal , so as to effectively prevent pregnancy gingivitis attack. The most important thing is not pain that her own medication, and otherwise will be to their oral health and systemic fetal adverse health effects. Adverse consequences for the fetus may be lifelong in nature. So, what to eat medicine, how much to eat, must be based on a doctor's prescription. Mother healthy, the baby can be healthy.

Dental health care needs of young

There are more than ten years work experience in any oral doctor told reporters that the current teeth whitening products or have made great progress. The first way is to use teeth whitening high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on the teeth bleaching process.

The mid-1990s, the first foreign dental bleaching products into the country, when Dr Yam hospital where the introduction of the product, use for some time, many people have found that the product life cycle is too long (every day use, the life cycle of a months), many people are difficult to adhere to, and teeth bleaching effect is very general, therefore, to promote this product in the country for ten years, also failed to open the market.

It is said that teeth whitening technology in the West has been one hundred years of history, but until the eighties of last century until maturity. Now a relatively new way of Dental Reviews whitening teeth whitening, this method is implemented in the United States for ten years, although severe tetracycline was not as effective, but compared to the original product, whitening effect is indeed increased. Tooth development is the key to the teeth of the embryo, therefore, in pregnant mothers and children in early childhood, the use of drugs should be careful, otherwise it will affect the development of tooth enamel, resulting in unhealthy teeth and pigmentation.

Toothpaste is not misused

"Long-term use of strong bactericidal drugs toothpaste, will not only resistant bacteria in the mouth, and in the inhibition to kill bacteria, it would also suppress, kill the normal flora in the mouth, the mouth of the 'ecological balance' has been destroyed, causing a new oral diseases and new infections. "mouth experts, clinical findings made a lot of good oral ulcers, bleeding gums of patients with drugs like toothpaste on their own, in fact, some drugs containing toothpaste alkaloids and a strong Dental Reviews irritant substance Medical Education Network Search `- set collation, long-term use, not only undermines the oral mucosa, can also cause gingivitis, stomatitis, glossitis and so on.

No lesser of oral diseases or disease can use ordinary toothpaste, most ordinary toothpaste containing borneol, eugenol, menthol, spearmint and other prevention and treatment of oral diseases medicine and regular toothpaste fragrant, cool and refreshing, not bad reaction. Toothpaste is different and large have strong indications, improper selection, with side effects. Even oral illness, drug toothpaste only as adjuvant therapy, patients should still consult a doctor.